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Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 1: The burglar might come back. You’d better change all the locks.
A. If you don’t change all the locks, the burglar could come back.
B. The burglar will come back unless you change all the locks.
C. You’d better change all the locks or the burglar will come back.
D. You’d better change all the locks in case the burglar will come back.
Question 2: My personal opinion doesn’t really matter. You need to decide for the good of everyone.
A. Though my personal opinion really matters, we need to decide for the good for everyone.
B. Deciding for the good of everyone makes our personal opinion not really matter at all.
C. We need to decide for the good for everyone, so my personal opinion doesn’t really matter.
D. If my personal opinion doesn’t really matter, we need to decide for the good of everyone.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Culture has a strong influence on non–verbal communication. Even the simple act of looking someone in the eye is not at all that simple. In the USA, Americans are (5) ........... to look directly at people when speaking to them. It shows interest in what they are saying and is thought to carry a (6) ...........of honesty. Meanwhile, in Japan and Korea, people avoid long periods of eye contact. It is considered more polite to look to the side during a conversation. The Lebanese, (7) ..........., stand close together and look intensely into each other's eyes. The action shows sincerity and gives people a better sense of what their counterparts want. Given such differences with even the most common expressions, people (8) ........... travel or work abroad have a real need to learn the other culture's body language. People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others. So, it is (9) ........... to consider your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures. Knowing about the body language of friends, clients, and colleagues can be very helpful in improving understanding and avoiding miscommunication.
Question 5:

A. encouraged

B. assisted

C. forbidden

D. opposed
Question 6:

A. sense

B. taste

C. sound

D. touch
Question 7:

A. therefore

B. in addition

C. in contrast

D. moreover
Question 8:

A. who

B. where

C. which

D. whose
Question 9:

A. usefulness

B. useful

C. useless

D. used

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 10: A drug may affect several functions, even though it’s targeted at only one.
A. A drug is taken for a specific purpose, but it may have a range of other effects.
B. However effective a drug may be, its functions have to be several.
C. Despite various other uses, a drug usually has a function for a special effect.
D. The functions expected of a drug are various even if it is used for a specific disease.
Question 11: Most of the river ferries have been cancelled today due to the lack of visibility caused by the fog.
A. A few of the ferries need to be rescheduled because of the fog that is causing poor visibility on the river.
B. Since today’s fog is obstructing visibility, the majority of the river ferries will not be running.
C. Because of the fog, it will be difficult for most of the ferries to cross the river safely today.
D. Whenever visibility is poor owing to the fog, nearly all of the river ferries are cancelled during the day.
Question 12: Wouldn’t it better to let them know about the alterations to the plan?
A. Don’t you think they should be informed about the changes in the plan?
B. Shouldn’t they have been consulted before the scheme was changed?
C. Why haven’t they been informed about the new development?
D. We’d better ask them to change the plan, hadn’t we?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) that is CLOSET in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 13: Being a single mother no longer carries the social stigma that is used to.
A. difficulty

B. holiness

C. stain

D. trial
Question 14: The members of the orchestra have arrived an hour prior to the performance for a short rehearsal.
A. when

B. before

C. after

D. while

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Dark matter in the universe is believed by some scientists to be a substance that is not readily observable because it does not directly refract light or energy. Its existence can only be deduced because of the effect that it has on surrounding matter. In fact, some members of the scientific community have argued that dark matter does not actually exist. Others, however, believe in its existence, in part because the scientific  community does not have a complete understanding of gravita science. On the other hand, some would argue that it is the understanding of gravitational science that leads most scientists to believe in the existence of dark matter, because without dark matter, there are many cosmological phenomena that are difficult to explain. For example, dark matter in the universe may have a peculiar effect on the Milky Way galaxy. Some scientists believe that the interaction between dark matter and other smaller, nearby galaxies is causing the Milky Way galaxy to take on a warped profile. It has been asserted that not only does dark matter exist, it may also be responsible for the Milky Way’s unusual shape. The interaction referenced involves two smaller galaxies near the Milky Way, called Magellanic clouds, moving through an enormous amount of dark matter, which, in effect, enhances the gravitational pull that the two Magellanic clouds could have on the Milky Way and other surrounding bodies. Without the existence of the dark matter, the Magellanic clouds would not have sufficient mass to have such a strong effect on the bend of the Milky Way galaxy. The strongest evidence for the validity of this hypothesis rests in Newtonian physics, and the hypothesis that anything with mass will exert a gravitational pull. The Milky Way and other galaxies with peculiar warped shapes are being molded by a gravitational force. However, there is nothing readily observable with sufficient mass that could cause such a high level of distortion via gravitational pull in the
vicinity of the Milky Way. Therefore, something that is not easily observed must be exerting the necessary force to create the warped shape of the galaxy. Aaron Romanowsky and several colleagues have questioned the effect that dark matter might have on galaxies. They point to the existence of several elliptical galaxies surrounded by very little dark matter as evidence that dark matter is not, in fact, the cause of the warped galaxies. While they do not claim that their findings should be interpreted to conclude that dark matter does not exist, they apparently believe that the results of their studies cast doubt on some of the conventional theories of galaxy formation and manipulation.
Several models constructed by researchers from the University of California at Berkeley, however, point to the idea that dark matter is the most likely explanation for the distorted shape of the Milky Way and other galaxies. Using computer models, they have mapped the likely interactions between certain galaxies and the surrounding dark matter, and those models have shown not only the possibility that dark matter is responsible for the warped shape of the Milky Way, but that the relationship between the dark matter and the Magellanic clouds is dynamic; the movement of the clouds through the dark matter seems to create a wake that enhances their gravitational influence on the Milky Way.
Question 15: The passage states that some members of the scientific community are reluctant to
believe in the existence of dark matter because:
A. no one understands how to apply gravitational science.
B. dark matter has little effect on surrounding matter.
C. dark matter cannot be directly observed.
D. there is absolutely no evidence for the existence of dark matter.
Question 16: As it is used in paragraph 1, the term phenomena most nearly means:
A. surprises.

B. problems.

C. occurrences.

D. attitudes.
Question 17: What does the passage offer as evidence for the existence of dark matter?
A. A photograph taken with the aid of a refracting telescope.
B. The enormous mass of Magellanic clouds.
C. The shape of the Milky Way galaxy.
D. A complete understanding of gravitational science.
Question 18: According to the passage, what is Aaron Romanowsky’s theory regarding dark matter?
A. Dark matter has not effect at all on the shape of a galaxy.
B. It cannot be conclusively proven that dark matter affects the shape and formation of galaxies.
C. Computer models suggest that dark matter is responsible for warped galaxies.
D. The discovery of certain galaxies disproves the theory that dark matter exists in the universe.
Question 19: The last paragraph supports the general hypothesis provided earlier in the passage that:
A. computer models are necessary for an understanding of gravitational science.
B. dark matter has little to no effect on the formation of certain cosmological phenomena.
C. the effect of Magellanic clouds on galaxies is enhanced by dark matter.
D. the shape of the Milky Way galaxy can be deduced by observing the matter surrounding it.
Question 20: The word conventional paragraph 4 most nearly means:
A. formally disputed. B. strictly interpreted. C. easily understood. D. generally accepted.
Question 21: The word “they” in paragraph 5 refers to:
A. models

B. researchers

C. interactions

D. galaxies
Question 22: The passage supports which of the following statements about dark matter?
A. Its presence is readily observable to researchers who completely understand how to apply gravitational science.
B. If it does not exist, the universe is largely empty.
C. Its existence is inferred by some researchers based on observations of cosmological bodies composed of ordinary matter.
D. Its existence has been conclusively proven by computer models.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 23: The escaping prisoner camped in ........... woods but he didn’t light ........... fire because ...........  smoke rising from the wood might attract ........... attention.
A. the/a/–/–

B. a/the/the/–

C. the/a/–/the

D. a/a/–/–
Question 24: “Why is your street such a mess?” – “Oh, the council ........... up the road, but they should finish this weekend?”
A. is digging

B. had been digging

C. dug

D. have been digging
Question 25: He ........... have watered the plants. If he had, they wouldn’t have withered.
A. mayn’t

B. can’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

Question 26: I’ve just been offered a new job! Things are ............
A. looking up

B. turning up

C. clearing up

D. making up
Question 27: ........... for a second interview will be informed by mail.
A. Who chosen

B. All chosen

C. If you are chosen

D. Those are chosen
Question 28: I believe that judges should be independent ........... the government.
A. of

B. to

C. with

D. on
Question 29: Although David was ........... after a day’s work in the office, he tried to help his wife the household chores.
A. exhausting

B. exhausted

C. exhaust

D. exhaustive
Question 30: The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ........... his financial situation.
A. with reference to

B. regardless of

C. in terms of

D. owing to
Question 31: ........... proficiency in German would be of much help, it is not a requirement for the advertised position.
A. Although

B. Regarding

C. Otherwise

D. Despite
Question 32: The curriculum at the public school is as good ........... of any private school.
A. as or better than that

B. as or better than those

C. as or better that

D. or better than
Question 33: Anne was not ........... to think that the best was too difficult.
A. among the people

B. who

C. the one who

D. the only one
Question 34: My uncle was ........... ill last month; however, fortunately, he is now making a slow but steady recovery.
A. seriously

B. critically

C. deeply

D. fatally
Question 35: The fussy child ate only a few ........... of noodles.
A. slices

B. bars

C. pieces

D. strands
Question 36: True friends always stand by you when you’re ............
A. home and dry

B. high and low

C. on and off

D. down and out

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 37: “I apologize for keeping you waiting for 2 hours. My car broke down on the way” – “ ........... ”
A. Your apology is accepted.

B. It’s my pleasure.

C. Thank you.

D. You are welcome.
Question 38: Peter: “How are you today?” – Susan: “ ........... ”
A. I feel like a million stars.

B. I feel like a million dollars.

C. I can feel it in my bone.

D. I feel your ears burning.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 39: A severe illness when she was just nineteen months old deprived the well–known writer and lecturer Helen Keller from both her sight and hearing.
A. just

B. deprived

C. when

D. from both
Question 40: He didn’t know who it was and couldn’t imagine why they did it, but there must have been somebody that started the rumor which he was from London and very wealthy.
A. which

B. who

C. why

D. that
Question 41: It is believed that in the near future robots will be used to doing things such as cooking.
A. such as

B. in the near future

C. It is believed

D. be used to doing

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 42: Earthworms help to aerate the soil.
A. suffocate

B. destroy

C. argue

D. adjust

Question 43: He was imprisoned because he revealed secrets to the enemies.
A. disowned

B. declared

C. betrayed

D. concealed

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Reading the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.
The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of railroads in the United States before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination. But the lighting in American homes had improved very little over that of ancient times. Through the colonial period, homes were lit with tallow candles or with a lamp of the kind used in ancient Rome – a dish of fish oil or other animal or vegetable oil in which a twisted rag served as a wick. Some people used lard, but they had to heat charcoal underneath to keep it soft and burnable. The sperm whale provided superior burning oil, but this was expensive. In 1830 a new substance called “camphene” was patented, and it proved to be an excellent illuminant. But while camphene gave a bright light it too remained expensive, had an unpleasant odor, and also was dangerously explosive. Between 1830 and 1850, it seemed that the only hope for cheaper illumination in the United States was the wider use of gas. In the 1840s, American gas manufacturers adopted improved British techniques for producing illuminating gas from coal. But the expense of piping gas to the consumer remained so high that until the mid–nineteenth century gas lighting was feasible only in urban areas, and only for public buildings for the wealthy. In 1854, a Canadian doctor, Abraham Gesner, patented a process for distilling a pitch like mineral found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia that produced illuminating gas and an oil that he called “kerosene” (from “keros”, the Greek word for wax, and “ene” because it resembled camphene). Kerosene, though cheaper than camphene, had an unpleasant odor, and Gesner never made his fortune from it. But Gesner had aroused a new hope for making illuminating oil from a product coming out of North American mines.
Question 46: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why better lighting had become
necessary by the mid–nineteenth century?
A. increases in the number of new factories

B. growth of cities

C. development of railroads

D. demand for better medical facilities
Question 47: The word “this” in paragraph 1 refers to ............
A. oil

B. charcoal

C. lard

D. wick
Question 48: What can be inferred about the illuminating gas described in the passage?
A. It had an unpleasant smell.
B. It was not allowed to be used in public buildings.
C. It was not widely available until mid–nineteenth century.
D. It was first developed in the United States.
Question 49: The word “resembled” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ...........

A. cost the same as

B. was made from

C. sounded like

D. was similar to
Question 50: Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. a description of events in chronological order
B. a comparison of two years
C. an analysis of scientific findings
D. the statement of a theory and possible explanations