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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
rest in the pronunciation of the underlined part in each of the following questions
 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions
 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following questions from 5 to 18.
 

Question 5: There are .............. that not only governments but also individuals should join hands to tackle.
A. such many environmental problems

B. too numerous environmental problems
C. such a lot of environmental problems

D. so fewer environmental problems
 

Question 6: I will stand here and wait for you .............. you come back.
A. though

B. because

C. until

D. so
 

Question 7: My aunt gave me a .............. hat on my 16th birthday.
A. new nice cotton yellow

B. nice new yellow cotton
C. nice yellow new cotton

D. new nice yellow cotton
 

Question 8: The trouble with James is that he never .............. on time for a meeting.
A. turns down

B. takes up

C. takes off

D. turns up
 

Question 9: Valentine’s Day, .............. from Roman, is now celebrated all over the world.
A. to originate

B. originating

C. originated

D. originate
 

Question 10: .............., we stay inside the house.
A. It is a stormy day

B. The storm day it was
C. It being a stormy day

D. It was a stormy day
 

Question 11: By next Saturday, Tom .............. a whole month without smoking a cigarette.
A. will have gone

B. will go

C. has gone

D. has been going
 

Question 12: I can’t give you the answer on the ..............; I’ll have to think about it for a few days.
A. minute

B. place

C. scene

D. spot
 

Question 13: I .............. sport to keep fit, not because I like it.
A. practise

B. train

C. do

D. make
 

Question 14: You should accept the Nokia mobile phone as a 16-birthday present from your parents delightedly. Don’t ...............
A. pull my leg

B. look gift horse in the mouth
C. buy it through the nose

D. take it for granted
 

Question 15: New machinery has enhanced the company’s productivity and ...............
A. competitiveness

B. competitive

C. competitor

D. competition
 

Question 16: It is possible .............. may assist some trees in saving water in the winter.
A. that the loss of leaves

B. when leaves havelost
C. to lose leaves

D. the leaves are lost
 

Question 17: .............., no one was absent from the farewell party last night.
A. As it rained heavily

B. In spite of heavily rain
C. Though it rains heavily

D. Heavily as it rained

Question 18: Unless you .............. well-trained, you .............. to the company.
A. aren’t / will never admit

B. are / will never admit
C. aren’t / will never be admitted

D. are / will never be admitted
 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is
CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions
 

Question 19: The children were full of beans today, looking forward to their field trip.
A. hyperactive

B. melancholy
C. eating a lot

D. lively and in high spirits
 

Question 20: Juan Manuel Santos was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2016 for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end.
A. sure

B. certain

C. determined

D. original
 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is
OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions
 

Question 21: There weren't many tough questions in the exam, so I could answer most of them.
A. interesting

B. difficult

C. simple

D. important
 

Question 22: The minister came under fire for his rash decision to close the factory.
A. was penalized

B. was acclaimed

C. was criticized

D. was dismissed

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to
each of the following exchanges from 23 to 24.
Question 23: Mary: “Let me bring something to your party, won’t you?” - Laura: “..............”
A. That really surprises me.

B. It’s enough, just to have you come.
C. Sorry, I’ve ready had plan for tonight.

D. In my opinion, you’re right.
 

Question 24: Daniel: “Do you think it’s bad to keep all the candy to yourself?” - Jacob: “..............”
A. I’m sorry. I should not be so selfish.
B. I’m so sorry. Sometimes I’m too aggressive.
C. You’re right. I’m a bit jealous.
D. You are absolutely right. I’m crazy about candy.
 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

RED NOSE DAY

In 1985, there was a terrible famine in the African country of Sudan. Richard Curtis, a British
comedy writer, and his friend, Alexander Mendis saw the news reports and wanted to make (25) ............... They began a charity called Comic relief, with the help of charity worker Jane Tewson. In 1988, the charity had an idea of selling red plastic noses to raise money. It was the (26) .............. success and selling red noses became a regular part of the Britain’s charity to organize sponsored events. In 1997, BBC television supported Comic Relief with a whole afternoon and evenings of special TV programmes, calling it Red Nose Day. People around Britain organized fund-raising events around the same time and sent their money to Red Nose Day. In (27) .............., the event raised over £27 million for charity. Since it began, Comic Relief has raised more than £600 million, (28) .............. the generosity of the British public and the help of the celebrities (29) .............. take part. The charity produces books, CDs and other items help to raise money. In 2001, JK Rowling wrote two books for Comic Relief based on famous Harry Potter novels and all the money from the sales went to the charity.

(Source: Solutions – Oxford University Press)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 30 to 34.

Bitcoins are a form of virtual currency. In other words, they are a type of money that does not exist in the actual world. However, they can be used to purchase actual products and services from real companies.
 

The bitcoin system was created in 2009 by an enigmatic person named Satoshi Nakamoto. In fact, no one is sure if Satoshi Nakamoto is an actual person or a group of people. Bitcoins are designed to serve as an alternative to national currencies, such as dollars and euros. They can be used to pay for things online instead of cash or credit cards. When bitcoins are transferred from a buyer to a seller, the transaction is recorded in a public database.
 

Governments are concerned that bitcoins can easily be stolen by hackers. It has dawned on them that they might be used for illegal purposes. For example, stolen goods could be purchased without the government’s knowledge. Although more and more companies are beginning to accept bitcoins, the percentage of purchases made using bitcoins is minuscule compared to other online payment methods, such as credit cards. Instead, many bitcoin owners simply keep them as an investment since they believe their bitcoins will be more valuable in the future.
 

This may or may not be a wise approach. Currently, the value of bitcoins is fluctuating wildly,
especially when compared to highly stable national currencies. Bitcoin investors are gambling on the hope that as this high-tech money becomes more widely accepted, its value will soar.

(Source: https://www.digitaltrends.com)

Question 30: The word “soar” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to...............
A. take effects

B. rocket

C. become prevalent

D. succeed
 

Question 31: Why are bitcoins of great concern to governments?
A. Because bitcoins may be used in illegal transactions.
B. Because bitcoins will eventually replace national currencies.
C. Because the value of bitcoins is fluctuating wildly.
D. Because most of bitcoin owners are hackers.
 

Question 32: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to .............. .
A. bitcoins

B. purposes

C. hackers

D. governments
 

Question 33: What is the passage mainly about?
A. The future of bitcoins in the real world
B. An alternative to bitcoins created by Nakamoto
C. A new kind of currency in the virtual world
D. A way of doing business in the virtual world
 

Question 34: Which of the following is defined in the passage?
A. Credit cards

B. Bitcoins

C. Transactions

D. Public Databases
 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 35 to 42.
 

What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for over 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.
 

Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitmentsignals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallelsequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish - for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a sense directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.
 

What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only
eusocial predators(predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.

(Source: TOEFL Reading)

Question 35: Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?
A. Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?
B. What are the differences between social and solitary insects?
C. How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?
D. Why are ants predators?

Question 36: The word “rotting” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ...............
A. cultivated

B. expanding

C. collected

D. decaying

Question 37: All of the following terms are defined in the passage EXCEPT .............. .
A. predators

B. eusocial

C. caste

D. series-parallel sequence
 

Question 38: The word “unique” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .............. .
A. natural

B. habitual

C. inherited

D. singular

Question 39: According to the passage, one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from .............. .
A. a defensive to an offensive stance

B. a solitary task to a group task
C. one environment to another

D. one type of food consumption to another
 

Question 40: It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites ...............
A. protect their nests

B. eat almost no animal substances
C. live above ground

D. are eusocial

Question 41: The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate ...............
A. the advantages of specialization
B. the type of food that larvae are fed
C. the different stages of ant development
D. the ways ant colonies train their young for adult tasks

Question 42: The word “they” in bold in the last paragraph refers to ...............
A. termites

B. places

C. ants

D. predators

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions from 43 to 45.
 

Question 43: It was on 12th April, 1961 when the first human, a Soviet cosmonaut, flew into space.
A. flew

B. into space

C. a Soviet cosmonaut

D. when
 

Question 44: Many people who live near the ocean depend on it as a source of food, recreation, and to have economic opportunities.
A. depend on

B. to have economic

C. recreation

D. food
 

Question 45: Our Spanish teacher would prefer us spending more time in the laboratory practicing our pronunciation.
A. spending

B. practicing

C. us

D. in the

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions from 46 to 48.
 

Question 46: Tim went on a two-day trip and he took more clothes than necessary.
A. Tim can't have taken so many clothes on a two-day trip.
B. Tim needn't have taken so many clothes on a two-day trip.
C. Tim mustn't have taken so many clothes on a two-day trip.
D. Tim couldn't have taken so many clothes on a two-day trip.
 

Question 47: “Stop smoking or you’ll be ill,” the doctor told me.
A. The doctor suggested smoking to treat illness.
B. I was warned against smoking a lot of cigarettes.
C. The doctor advised me to give up smoking to avoid illness.
D. I was ordered not to smoke to recover from illness.
 

Question 48: Your tea is not as strong as mine.
A. My tea is stronger than yours.

B. My tea is stronger than your.
C. My tea is more strong than yours.

D. Yours is stronger than mine.
 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on you answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions from 49 to 50.
 

Question 49: We didn’t want to spend a lot of money. We stayed in a cheap hotel.
A. Rather than spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel.
B. We didn’t stay in a cheap hotel as we had a lot of money to spend.
C. We stayed in a cheap hotel, but we had to spend a lot of money.
D. In spite of spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel.
 

Question 50: Societies doubted about women’s intellectual ability. Therefore, they could not get access to education.
A. Failure to get access to education resulted in the doubt about women’s intellectual ability.
B. The denial of education to women was caused by societies’ doubt about their intellectual
ability.
C. Not getting access to education, societies showed their uncertainty to women’s intellectual
ability.
D. Women’s intellectual ability was doubted about due to their lack of education.