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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the pronunciation in each of the following questions.
 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following questions.
Question 5: Efforts are underway to protect endangered species from further human ........, but in
many areas it is already too late.
A. deterioration

B. depredation

C. habitation

D. administration

Question 6: Many teachers suggest that final examinations be ........, an innovation I heartily support.
A. discontinuous

B. discontinued

C. discontinuity

D. discontinuously

Question 7: Apparently, ........ science, mathematics, and technology are defined as much by what they do and how they do it as they are by ........ results they achieve.
A. the / Ø

B. Ø / the

C. Ø / Ø

D. the / Ø
 

Question 8: Environmental groups try to stop farmers from using harmful ........ on their crops.
A. contaminants

B. investments

C. chemicals

D. pollutants
 

Question 9: Youth Unemployment Rate in Vietnam ........ to 7.29 percent in the third quarter of 2018
from 7.10 percent in the second quarter of 2018.
A. increase

B. was increasing

C. increased

D. had increased
 

Question 10: It's no use ........ make him ........ his mind.
A. trying to/ change

B. to try/ change
C. trying to/ to change

D. trying to/ changing
 

Question 11: For centuries people have regarded oceans ...... an inexhaustible supply of food, a useful transport route, and a convenient dumping ground - simply too vast to be affected by anything we do.
A. with

B. by

C. of

D. as

Question 12: ........ stress is thought to be linked in some way to all of the risk factors, intense research continues in the A hope of further comprehending why and how heart failure is triggered.
A. By means of

B. Though

C. Despite

D. Due to
 

Question 13: The poor man was driven from ........ for justice, but his efforts were of no avail.
A. pillar to post

B. top to bottom

C. stem to stern

D. hand to mouth
 

Question 14: You should be very glad that he didn't recognize you yesterday. Can you imagine his
anger if he ........ ?
A. did

B. would

C. does

D. had
 

Question 15: ........, follow the signs for „Arrivals' unless you are transferring to another plane at the
same airport.
A. On arrival at the airport

B. When arrive at the airport
C. That you arrive at the airport

D. To arrive at the airport
 

Question 16: The doctor gave her a ........ check-up so as to discover the cause of her breakdown.
A. universal

B. widespread

C. thorough

D. whole

Question 17: ........ by mosquitoes, we wished that we had made hotel, not campsite, reservations.
A. As eaten

B. Eaten
C. That we were eaten

D. When eaten
 

Question 18: She is extremely ........ about her career. She would like to be a CEO.
A. absent-minded

B. fair-minded

C. high-minded

D. single-minded
 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined part in each of the following questions.
Question 19: The film was taken apart on the grounds that it glorifies violence.
A. greatly admired

B. excellently cast

C. badly reviewed

D. criticized severely
 

Question 20: Efforts by the government agency to improve its work were hampered by lack of funds.
A. hindered

B. assisted

C. encouraged

D. endangered

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
Question 21: On hearing the proposal of the project, all staff threw cold water on his initial plans,
which caused him a complete upset.
A. disagreed with him about his initial plans

B. turned down his initial plans
C. gave his initial plans great support

D. sponsored him with initial plans

Question 22: Although more and more companies are beginning to accept bitcoins, the percentage of
purchases made using bitcoins is minuscule compared to other online payment methods.
A. huge

B. fixed

C. minute

D. low
 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentences that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 23: Two friends are talking about their evening plans.

- Janet: “........ ”
- Susan: “What a shame!”
A. I am afraid I disagree with you.

B. Shall we eat out tonight?
C. I'm afraid I can't come with you tonight.

D. Would you like to go with me tonight?
 

Question 24: A customer is talking to the salesman.

- Customer: “Excuse me, could you tell me where the vegetable section is?”
- Salesman: “ ........”
A. Would you like a half pound of vegetables?

B. Well, you are a vegetarian, aren't you?
C. I'm sorry; they are not very fresh today!

D. It's on aisle 8, next to the fruit section!
 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29
To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal
counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)........ calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents. There can be little doubt that this is the phylogenetic basis of the acoustical crying of human infants. This very basic form of crying is meant to undo the separation from the parents and it is not likely to have any direct soothing function.  Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26)........ its inter-individual function. In animals, distress calls are mainly (27)........ by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the  production of tears. (28)........ , candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29)........ are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34
Humans generally spent more time working than do other creatures, but there is greater
variability in industriousness from one human culture to the next than is seen in subgroups of any other species. For instance, the average French worker toils for 1,646 hours a year; the average American for 1,957 hours; and the average Japanese for 2,088.
 

One reason for human diligence is that people, unlike animals, can often override the impulses they may feel to slow down. They can drink coffee when they might prefer a nap or flick on the air-
conditioning when the heat might otherwise demand torpor. Many humans are driven to work hard by a singular desire to gather resources far beyond what is required for survival. Squirrels may collect what they need to make it through one winter but only humans worry about collect bills, retirement, or
replacing their old record albums with compact discs.
 

Among other primates, if you don't need to travel around to get food for that day, you sit down
and relax, said Dr.Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlarita. "it's typically human to try to accumulate wealth and get more and more.”
 

Much of the acquisitiveness is likely to be the result of cultural training. Anthropologists have
found that most hunter-gatherer groups, who live day to day on the resources they can kill or forage and who stash very little away for the future generally work only three to five hours daily.
 

Indeed, an inborn temptation to reduce may lurk beneath even the most work-obsessed people,
which could explain why sloth ranks with lust and gluttony as one of the seven deadly sins.
Question 30: What can be best title of the passage?
A. Work among Humans and Animals

B. The Accumulation of Wealth
C. Sloth: One of the Seven Deadly Sins

D. Human Cultural Training
 

Question 31: According to the author, humans are so industrious because ........ .
A. they have an inborn temptation to take it easy so that they can survive
B. they are stronger and better protected than animals, so they can easily gain more to survive
C. they need much more than animals need in order to survive
D. they can overcome the impulse to slow down and they work for gains beyond survival
 

Question 32: The word “torpor” in paragraph 2 mostly means ........ .
A. diligence

B. lethargy

C. variability

D. temptation
 

Question 33: What does the word “They” in paragraph 2 refers to?
A. impulses

B. animals

C. resources

D. people
 

Question 34: The passage is a combination of contrast and ........ .
A. steps in a process of working for human survival
B. definitions and examples of human and animals' work
C. a series of events in human and animals' life
D. reasons for human's diligence and acquisitiveness.
 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42
Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past
two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine eco common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.
 

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The
extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.
 

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is
altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide
agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves
that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and
chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic
adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
 

Question 35: The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the
world's ecosystems EXEPT ........ .
A. the introduction of new varieties of plant species
B. the habitat destruction in wetlands
C. the extensive damage to marine ecosystems
D. the destruction of the tropical rain forests

Question 36: The word "magnitude" in paragraph 3 mostly means ........ .
A. ignorance

B. concern

C. extent

D. greed
 

Question 37: Which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree with?
A. The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.
B. Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.
C. Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.
D. Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems
 

Question 38: What does the word "they" in paragraph I refers to ?
A. activities

B. species

C. centuries

D. humans
 

Question 39: The word "jolting" mostly means ........ .
A. illuminating

B. appealing

C. shocking

D. disgusting
 

Question 40: What can be inferred from the extinction of the dinosaurs in paragraph 2?
A. Not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity.
B. Earth's climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs' extinction.
C. Actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species' extinction.
D. The cause of the dinosaurs' extinction is unknown.
 

Question 41: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs
B. The time required for species to adapt to new environments
C. The variety of species found in tropical rain forests
D. The impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems
 

Question 42: According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from change caused by humans in that changes caused by humans ........ .
A. are occurring at a much faster rate

B. affect fewer ecosystems
C. are less devastating to most species

D. are reversible
 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43: Human memory (A), formerly was believed (B) to be rather inefficient, (C) is really much
more sophisticated than that of a (D) computer.
 

Question 44: Babies show numerical competence (A) almost (B) from the day they are born, and some younger infants (C) than six months have shown they can perform a rudimentary (D) kind of addition and subtraction.
 

Question 45: Assuring (A) the reliability and purity of the water supply (B) is one of the more
significant challenges facing (C) an ever growing (D) world population.
 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46: "You had better see a doctor if the sore throat does not clear up" she said to me.
A. She reminded me to see a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up.
B. She ordered me to see a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up.
C. She insisted that I see a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up.
D. She suggested that I see a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up.

Question 47: I'm sure Mary was very disappointed when she failed to get the scholarship.
A. Mary may be very disappointed when she failed to get the scholarship.
B. Mary could have been very disappointed when she failed to get the scholarship.
C. Mary must have been very disappointed when she failed to get the scholarship.
D. Mary must be very disappointed when she failed to get the scholarship.

Question 48: He never suspected that she engaged in political conspiracies.
A. He used to think that she engaged in political conspiracies.
B. What he thought was she engaged in political conspiracies.
C. At no time did he suspect that she engaged in political conspiracies.
D. Never before he had suspected that she engaged in political conspiracies.

Question 49: The sooner we solve this problem, the better it will be for all concerned.
A. If we could solve this problem soon, it would be better for all concerned.
B. If all concerned are better, we can solve this problem soon.
C. It would be better for all concerned if we can solve this problem soon.
D. If we can solve this problem soon, it will be better for all concerned.

Question 50. Maria says she'd like to have been put in a higher class.
A. Maria wishes that she will be put in a higher class.
B. Maria wishes that she is put in a higher class.
C. Maria wishes that she had been put in a higher class.
D. Maria wishes that she were put in a higher class.