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READING
Black carbon pollution
1) Look at the pictures. Match the pictures with the appropriate word or phrases.
ĐÁP ÁN:
| 1. diesel vehicle | 2. melting of the Arctic | 3. soot |
2) Read the following article about soot pollution. Choose the appropriate heading (a-d) for each paragraph.
| a. Soot and global warming | b. The effect of soot on human health |
| c. The origin of soot | d. Ways to reduce soot emissions |
Nowadays we know a lot about the link between carbon dioxide (C02) emissions and global warming. However, we seem to be unaware of one very dangerous pollutant, soot also called black carbon.
1.....................................
Soot comes from the incomplete combustion or coal, oil, wood and other fuels. In other words diesel
engines, vehicle exhaust pipes, farming machines, construction equipment, or simply fires in grills, fireplaces, and stoves are potential sources of soot. It appears in our daily life and can easily affect every one of us.
2......................................
Soot like all black things absorbs sunlight and heats up the atmosphere. According to recent research, it is the second most damaging greenhouse gas after C02, and twice as harmful to the climate. Although black carbon remains in the atmosphere for no more than seven days it is particularly damaging to frozen areas. Soot emissions might be responsible for the quick melting of the Arctic. Controlling black carbon can help to slow down global warming.
3......................................
Soot does not only have an impact on globs warming and climate change, but is also unhealthy. A soot particle is very tiny - smaller than dust and mould, and about 1/30 the width of a human hair. It can easily go into our bloodstream and lungs via the nose and throat. As a result, breathing in the tiny particles car cause asthma attacks, heart disease, bronchitis and many other respiratory illnesses.
4......................................
Large quantities of man-made soot enter the atmosphere every year. The effects are most damaging regionally, especially in South and East Asia, Latin America and parts of Africa. In developing countries, reducing soot emissions can be achieved by replacing traditional stoves with clean, alternative fuel cookers and heaters. Installation of filters to remove black carbon from diesel vehicles can also reduce soot. Changing to electric or hydrogen vehicles will also reduce the impact on the environment.
In conclusion, reducing black carbon will have immediate benefits in slowing down global warming and the melting of the Arctic snow and ice. It would also prevent many soot-related deaths and illnesses.
ĐÁP ÁN:
| 1. c | 2. a | 3. b | 4. d |
3) Work in pairs. Complete each of the following sentences with no more than five words.
1. We know about carbon dioxide and its impact on global warming, but we ........................
2. Soot comes from the burning of coal, ........................
3. Black carbon is the ........................ after carbon dioxide.
4. Soot particles can be easily breathed in because they are .........................
5. People can reduce black carbon emissions at home by using ........................ for cooking and heating.
ĐÁP ÁN:
1. We know about carbon dioxide and its impact on global warming, but we know little about soot./don't know much about soot.
2. Soot comes from the burning of coal, oil, wood, and other fuels.
3. Black carbon is the second most damaging greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide.
4. Soot particles can be easily breathed in because they are smaller than dust and mould/very tiny.
5. People can reduce black carbon emissions at home by using clean, alternative fuel stoves for cooking and heating.
